Varieties of Corporate Governance PowerPoint Presentation

Varieties of Corporate Governance - PowerPoint Presentation Example Corporate governance is not only a strategic approach and a driving force for an economy, but it also emphasizes on the variations in its system. The variations differ according to the business situation, such as failed incorporate networks may emphasize on the implementation of financial orientation type corporate governance system (Lazonick & O'Sullivan, 2000). Within the applied system of corporate governance, organizational arrangements and social relations act as those factors that determine the controlling authorities for an organization. The culture within an organization is thoroughly important, when directors and controlling authorities to run corporate governance are to be decided. It is up to the priorities of an organization; whether it is more towards revenue generation or towards the development of an ideal presence in the market, such as HTC Corporation. Therefore, this is the organizational arrangement that helps in picking the controlling authorities for a firm (Lazo nick & O'Sullivan, 2000). ... The firms may take advantage of the institutional approach, where system of corporate governance can be accomplished according to the outcomes (Dore, 2000, pp. 115-127). Supporting Arguments As the core argument of the article talks about the diversifications and variations of the corporate governance; therefore, in order support this main argument few of the supporting arguments are developed to achieve the aim appropriately. It is revealed that the relationship developed among the key stakeholders of an organization, including labour, capital and management, differs region to region (Aguillera & Jackson, 2003). Article also measures the isolated effects of all the stakeholders; thus, ‘forward-looking’ approach is used to analyze the effects. In the considered article, role of institutional complementarities in developing a suitable corporate governance system at a firm level is also analyzed. It can be observed that practicability of a certain institution rises, when o ther business institution does not suit particular business circumstances. In few cases, it is found that organizations are not likely to work on strategic orientation, when it comes to deal with financial system (Dore, 2000, pp. 118-124). By describing the dimensions and variations in such system, the role of directors and executive is also truly significant in determining the sustainable and reliable dimensions for any firm. One of the existing obstacles in the implementation of corporate governance is the conflicts, which may arise when interests of labour are suppressed by the interests of management and capital of the firm. The theoretical model presented in the article has served the main purpose properly.

Exploring Geneses and Linkages Essay Example for Free

Exploring Geneses and Linkages Essay The contours of international relations changed dramatically during the 20th century, which saw three great conflicts on the world stage. While the First and the Second World Wars were largely located in Europe but found the participation of every major power across the globe, the Cold War split the international system into two ideologically distinct parts, and escalated the scale and scope of contestation beyond Europe. The aim of this essay is to reflect upon the causes behind each of the great wars of the previous century, and also to explore the linkages (and resulting continuity) between one to the next. By looking at the origins of the First World War, we shall find the genesis of the Second, and by analyzing the circumstances of the latter’s conclusion, we shall seek to explicate the onset of the Cold War. The origins of the First World War, which stretched from 1914 to 1918, lay primarily in two distinct geopolitical developments of the late 19th and early 20th century. The first of these was the unification of the German state following the relative period of peace in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars. In 1871, the German unification found the dominance of a singular territory at the center of Europe. Even though thee were initial reservations against German expansionism, the country’s imperial aspirations soon became apparent. A growing population, vast territories, military and industrial growth in an emergent Germany upset the European balance of power at the beginning of the 20th century. As a response, Great Britain, France, and Tsarist Russia formed an alliance, which sought to curtail Germany’s increasing search for territory and markets, with North Africa and the Middle East emerging as primary spheres of contention. While the former alliance maintained that they were safeguarding national interests against German imperialism, the latter claimed it was the victim of the imperial system that restricted access to new opportunities. Matters came to a head in 1914 and war ensued between the imperial alliance and revisionist Germany. A great degree of debate surrounds the causation of the First World War’s outbreak, with some historians squarely placing the blame on Germany, while others arguing that the War resulted out of a series of chain reactions in part due to the manner in which German military plans were conceived. The War ended with a victory for the Anglo-French alliance, but the Tsar of Russia was overthrown by the (communist) Red Army in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The post-War settlement came at Versailles in 1919, with Britain and France held Germany completely responsible for the conflict. Therefore, the settlement – though there were disagreements among the victors over its terms – was harsh on Germany, and included a series of reparations that critically undermined Germany’s status in Europe. Germany was forced to demilitarize, while France occupied the strategic and resource-rich territories of the Rhineland. Perhaps the most humiliating of all clauses in the Treaty of Versailles, however, was the â€Å"War Guilt† clause, which demanded heavy economic extractions from Germany. These were presumably done because it was a popular move domestically for the Allies and also because it provided the opportunity to permanently curb German efforts to fight major wars. These strategies, however, proved imprudent in the end. One of the distinguishing features of the post-First World War world order was the formation of the League of Nations, an international organization based on the premise of common objectives and collective security. Though the League served as the precursor to the United Nations, its implementation left its leading voice – American president Woodrow Wilson – dissatisfied. The League adopted a policy of appeasement, without bearing down on Italian, German, or Japanese aggression in the 1930s, and precipitated the onset of the Second World War in 1939. However, World War II (which lasted from 1939 to 1945) had much deeper origins in the Treaty of Versailles than in the failings of collective security. We must remember that the harshness of the Treaty had embittered the German population, and the same set the scene for Adolf Hitler’s National Socialist Party to come to power in 1933. Soon after, democratic institutions in Germany were obliterated and replaced by the Nazi propagandist machinery; Hitler began rearming the country and massively investing in industry and technological innovation, while adopting a policy of anti-Semitism socially. In Europe, a series of crises spiraled out of control and led to the outbreak of war. Italian annexation of Abyssinia, German remilitarization of the Rhineland, and expansion into Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, and sustained civil war in Spain were all contributing factors. Soviet Russia, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, entered into a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939, so as to secure its western borders; this provided Hitler with the opportunity to concentrate on the rest of Europe, as he gradually unfurled his plans of continental domination. There remains a considerably vigorous debate with respect to the origins of the War in Europe, as many historians see it as an extension of the First World War, with the structural imbalances resulting out of the rise of and alliance between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Others claim that it was a war effort carefully constructed and implemented by Hitler, who had prepared meticulously for the War throughout the 1930s, turning the German state into an efficient war machine. It must be noted, however, that the formal declaration of war in 1939 came from Great Britain and France. A significant difference between the First and Second World Wars was the proliferation of war in the Eastern front, as Japan joined hands with Germany and Italy to form the Axis powers. The Meiji Restoration in Japan, Japanese expansionism in China and the Manchurian Crisis of 1931 opened the casket of war in East Asia, and Japanese aggression on the United States (US) – the (in)famous Pearl Harbor bombings – in 1941 meant that the latter had to terminate its isolationist policy and enter the War. In Europe, the German invasion of Soviet Russia in 1941 facilitated the alliance of Stalin’s regime with the Allied Powers. The last two incidents are noteworthy because these tilted the strategic and military balance in favor of the Allies, leading to an eventual victory in 1945. The Second World War remains the bloodiest military conflict in the history of humanity, and left most of Europe devastated. However, even before the dust could settle on the scourge of war, a new form of conflict emerged, as the US and the Soviet Union (USSR) found themselves vying for supremacy at the world stage; the end of the War had seen the traditional great powers depleted in resources and influence, and this power vacuum attracted both the Americans and the Soviets. The ensuing Cold War between these two superpowers would define the topography of international politics for the next four and a half decades. There, however, were other lessons to be drawn from the end of the Second World War, which inform us about the onset of the Cold War. The Wartime alliance amongst the US and the USSR had grown fragile by 1945, and serious disagreements ensued over post-War settlements. On the eastern front, World War II in effect ended with America’s explosion of the atomic bomb in Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945. This also confirmed the US’ position as the sole nuclear power, while the USSR retained a conventional superiority in Europe. Even before the latter could attain nuclear parity (which happened in 1949), the two superpowers were at loggerheads as both attempted to assert their influence over Europe, culminating in the Berlin Blockade of 1948, which concretized the Iron Curtain that divided Western and Eastern Europe. The Cold War was characterized by a struggle for power between the US and the USSR, in order to achieve global dominance, both in terms of ideology and military might. The East-West conflict was organized by way of two monumental alliances: the US-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the USSR-led Warsaw Pact. Further, a nuclear arms race was another defining feature of the Cold War, with massive arsenals stockpiled by either side. Though the world came close to Armageddon more than once (especially during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962), nuclear deterrence preserved the bipolar peace of the Cold War. We find that there are three distinct interpretations of the Cold War. The first understand the conflict as a contest between rival ideologies – liberalism and communism – that tore the world asunder from 1945 to 1991. This ideological divide not only resulted from the unique histories and political cultures of the United States and Russia, the ideologies in turn determined policies, further reinforcing the divide. A second explanation of the Cold War casts the conflict as a geopolitical struggle where adversaries of relatively equal strength endeavored to gather more power and influence over other states in the international system. In this view, the Cold War was nothing but a clash of national interests. Another view sees the Cold War as the result of technological developments, most importantly nuclear weapons, culminating in a deadly arms race between the two superpowers. A major characteristic of the Cold War remained that there was never any direct confrontation, except in diplomatic circles, between the two rivals; instead a series of proxy wars were fought across the globe, designed to advance superpower interests. The end of the Cold War, again, is an event surrounded by debate. Many suggest that it was the aggressive stance of the Reagan administration that brought an end to the conflict, while others claim that it was a result of changes in Soviet policies under Mikhail Gorbachev. Thus, we find in our exploration of the three major conflicts of the 20th century that there remain several linkages that establish continuity from one to the other. All of these bear historical significance in our understanding of war and, in effect, lead the paths to the present when contemplating about international conflicts.

The Appease for more Lands and the Effects Essay -- English history, ba

The battle of Hastings of 1066 intertwined English history with that of Normandy and consequently with France. Once William of Normandy conquered England, the nature of medieval English state transformed drastically. In 1086, all land in England became a fief held by the â€Å"crown in return for service.† Norman presence under King William â€Å"diminished local particularism† by scattering and distributing land. Furthermore, as Hollister and Stacey indicate, Norman Conquest brought with it, its own form of feudalism distinct from its French counterpart— â€Å"more orderly and thoroughgoing†.† As a result, a tightening of the military occurred; fortresses could no longer be built without royal authority to prevent insurrections. In addition, other Norman elements such as the French language and culture manifested among the English elites, but in no way made their identity. William’s conquest did not eliminate Anglo-Saxon culture that preda ted him; instead, he adopted the Anglo-Saxon disposition and Carolingian forms of rulership, which continued under other Norman rulers of England. By the Norman Conquest, England had already become one of the most integrated and consolidated states in Europe with a highly structured system of royal administration, well-established laws, and a centralized economic system (with effective forms of taxation). At best, the Norman Conquest improved already existing political, economic and social structures. The battle of Hastings led to the switch in English monarchy and linked English fate to France for centuries to come both militarily and economically but it was not the making of England. Norman rulers from 1066 onward focused more on territorial expansion than developing the English identity as a showcase o... ...,† as transformations that occurred in England, legal, economic and ecclesiastical all emerged independent of France, mostly from internal pressure than outside push. As Hollister and Stacey illustrate, the distraction of England by its interaction with Franc is evident in the fact that â€Å"almost every English king since the Norman Conquest had campaigned against the French at one time or another.† While conquest and military expansion by the twelveth and thirteen century became a part of the English need to expand its empire it was not a necessary attribute to their â€Å"Englishness.† Bibliography: Halsall, Paul. â€Å"The Trial of Joan of Arc, 1431." New York: Fordham University, 1998. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1431joantrial.asp Hollister, C. Warren, Robert C. Stacy, and Robin Chapman Stacy. The making of England to 1399, 8th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

Position Supporting Stem Cell Research Essay

Cells that can make a distinction into a variety of cell types are called stem cells and comprise embryonic stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells. Since ES cells can turn into a new organism or can differentiate into any tissue type, they are said to be â€Å"totipotent.† Adult stem cells, conversely, as they cannot turn into any type of tissue, are said to be â€Å"pluripotent.† For instance, bone marrow stem cells can turn into red blood cells, T-lymphocytes, or B-lymphocytes, however not muscle or bone cells. Nerve stem cells can as well turn into different types of nerve tissue. Stem cell research attempts to engineer tissues from the body’s stem cells to replace defective, damaged, or aging tissues. In 1998, scientists were capable to grow human ES cells indefinitely. Since then, researchers have performed stem cell experiments on mammals and have had some achievement in repairing spinal chord injuries in mice. Since scientists cannot use federal funds to carry out research on embryos, private corporations, most particularly the Geron Corporation, have funded ES cell research. Geron, awaiting possible ethical concerns, appointed its own ethics advisory board. The Clinton administration sought to loosen the interpretation of the ban on embryo research to permit the government to sponsor research on the use of ES cells once they were available. President G. W. Bush had made the decision to permit use merely of about sixty existing cell lines, and not the production of embryonic cell lines particularly made for the purpose of use for stem cells[1]. The majority of the stem cell procedures proposed to date would employ the ES cells from embryos formed by couples in fertility clinics. In the United States, thousands of embryos are discarded each year as IVF couples cannot use all of their embryos. A couple may make three-hundred embryos in an attempt give birth to one child. One more approach to stem cell research suggests that researchers make embryos for scientific and medical purposes. This approach, recognized as therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), engrosses transferring the nucleus from a cell in a person’s body into an enucleated egg[2]. The ES cells from this new embryo would match the tissue in the person’s body, therefore avoiding the potential tissue rejection problems that might occur in stem cell therapy. The potential of stem cell research is huge, for the reason that so many diseases result from tissue damage. Stem cell research could bring about advances in treating paralysis, diabetes, heart disease, pancreatitis, Parkinson’s disease, liver disease, arthritis, as well as many further conditions. [3] Thus human pluripotent stem cell research is very important as firstly it propose help in understanding the actions that take place during normal human development. The understanding of human cell development could make possible further understandings regarding how abnormalities such as cancer occur. Secondly this research helps us to find out why some cells turn into heart cells whereas other cells turn into blood cells. Although it has been previously recognized that a gene turning on and off is central to cell development, however it is not recognized what makes these gene turn on and off–stem cell research will most probably give a possible explanation. In a realistic sense this could make possible further understandings of cell development abnormalities. Thirdly pure samples of specific cell types could be used for testing different chemical compounds so as to develop medicines to treat disease[4]. This would make more efficient the process of medical testing in order that merely medicines that have a helpful effect on cell lines would be tested on animals and humans. And most significantly this research could be very helpful for cell transplantation therapies. Theoretically, stem cells could be â€Å"grown† into replacements for diseased or destroyed cells[5]. This would permit medical science to get to the bottom of diseases of organ failure for instance diabetes as well as neurological disorders for instance Parkinson’s disease. The main protest to this promising research has to do with the source of ES cells. ES cells can be acquired from aborted embryos, embryos remaining after infertility treatments (IVF), embryos created only for research by IVF techniques, and from SCNT techniques (that is therapeutic cloning)[6]. To get ES cells, consequently, one have to either create embryos that will be used, manipulated, or destroyed, or one have to get embryos leftover from infertility treatments. However here is where the abortion debate resurfaces, as these techniques would engross treating embryos as mere things or objects and would not give embryos the esteem they deserve, as said by some critics. That is to say that a proper, fair and realistic account of what comes out of the freezer is a 5-day-old ball of about 150 cells, and of that the researchers will want to use about 30. What comes out of the freezer is unquestionably human tissue however it is not human. That ball of cells has no hope at all of becoming a human being without further intervention. One must not confuse the existence of a chance of becoming a human being with actually being human. The tissue can be likened to organs taken from a lately deceased person for transplant. Neither the organ nor the tissue is dead; it is human tissue but it is not human. One may say the same of sperm, for instance, every sperm must be protected that is available for the reason that it might, under circumstances where other things have to happen, become a human. That is practically the same thought. What has to happen there is that the sperm has to meet with an egg to fertilize that egg, which then has to be looked after. What has to happen with a 5-day-old ball of cells in which the egg and sperm have previously met is that it after that has to be implanted in a woman and stay there for nine months. In both cases nothing is going to happen unless other things are brought into play. It is a very strong view that it is not being talked about a human, rather about human tissue that will with the intervention of others, and only with the intervention of others, has the chance of becoming human. A parent’s right must be supported to demand that any of these untouched fertilized eggs be left untouched for afterward use or not be used for research. Very few, if any, parents who have had the advantage of the IVF program would refuse the chance for spare fertilized eggs to be used. They themselves turned to the wonders of science to give them what apparently nature was otherwise going to deny them, those who through the wonders of science have had what must have been their greatest dream realized would definitely not deny the chance for science to make better things for others. After all, how many fertilized eggs at varying stages of development were used in the IVF programs to get to the point where one could have a successful IVF program? †¦ [7] Some supporters of this bill do not deny where one is now with the science. He just wants science to have the opportunity to take him to further and better places. One cannot say that there is no practical application of this now, so not do the research. That is the equal of saying to a child that you are not permitted to swim in the pool until you have learned to swim. How can one possibly refuse to do research on the basis that he does not have the researchers’ outcomes? One can not get those outcomes until he proceeds with the research. So, again, one must be very much on the side of proceeding with stem cell research. Some of the objections which have their foundation in a religious view held by their proponents. Living by a decent set of values is far more vital than defending the doctrine of one church over another. If you lead a good life and if there is a kingdom of heaven you will be welcome into his or heaven. Your religion is your business and no-one else’s. When you make your religion an issue, you drag it into the political domain and you tarnish it. It follows that we attach very little importance or interest to arguments over religious dogma. Similarly, we do not turn to the state to legislate for one religious view over another. Without doubt, we can clearly see the risks of adopting a view that your religion is the right one and the rest of the world must be converted. This point is quite simple: each to his own religion. If you say to one that doing something is against God’s will, then he will respond by assuring you that, if God is annoyed, God will punish whoever has done that thing. The state should never be used as God’s enforcer. Over the years, as we have been approaching 50, we can assure you that we have every confidence in God’s capability to settle accounts. It has not been our experience that he or she usually waits until you are dead. Numerous people who have done the wrong thing have met their maker in a practical sense while they were still alive[8]. In brief, we are talking about fertilized eggs that are in the freezer. They have not the slightest chance of becoming human unless they are accepted by the mother to be carried for 9 months. We are talking about fertilized eggs where that is not the case. The outcome is that they are either going in the bin or going to be used for the betterment of mankind. My other proposition is that we cannot now say whether the science is good or bad. We do not know where the science is going to take us. Science of itself is not fundamentally good or bad; it is what we do with it that will make that case. We have to understand that the benefits of this research may take years to come. That merely makes us say: start more quickly. We simply ask those who, due to their religious beliefs, have a very authentic concern regarding this bill to accept that they are entitled to follow their religious beliefs; they are not entitled to demand by legislation that everybody else does the same. References: Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik. Responsible Conduct of Research; Oxford University Press, 2003 Daniel Callahan. What Price Better Health? Hazards of the Research Imperative; University of California Press, 2003 John Harris. On Cloning; Routledge, 2004 Sandra Braman. Biotechnology and Communication: The Meta-Technologies of Information; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 Thomas Kemp. â€Å"The Stem Cell Debate: A Veblenian Perspective†; Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 38, 2004. [1] Daniel Callahanpg 55 [2] John Harris, pg 90 [3] Daniel Callahan, pg 67-69 [4] Thomas Kemp, pg 6 [5] ibid [6] John Harris, pg 78-79 [7] Sandra Braman, pg 105 [8] Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik, pg 210

Legacy of the Kazakh Khanate in the Political Culture and Traditions

In 1991 year new state the Republic of Kazakhstan is appeared on the map. The history and culture of Kazakhstan is numbered a thousand years. One of the important issues is about aboriginal population’s origin, formation and origins of its nationality, development of culture and cultural traditions, relationships with other civilizations. Applying for written sources we can verify that Kazakhs khanate had been formed to 1470 when on the territory of Kazakhstan in south-eastern regions Semirechye and in vales of Chu Kazakh sultans Dzhanibek and Girey could head the numerous tribes, which had been jointed in tribe named â€Å"Kazakh†, ‘Kazakhs†.At the beginning of XVI century in the time of Kasymkhan the Kazakh khanate was strengthened, its borders were widened, syrdarya towns Turkestan, Otyrar, Sayram, Sauran, Syganak, Suzak and Chimkent were part of Kazakh khanate . Kazakhstan becomes known in Asia and Europe. The XVI century is an important milestone in the history of Moslem world from which the new time reckoning is began. The distinguished east scientist V. V. Bartold wrote  « In the new history of Moslem in contrast to rapid change of dynasties and powers? olitical instability, states small dimensions and that’s why lack of any whatsoever patriotism, now we can see the countries establishing there. We see the Moslem power of Great Mongols in India, then Turkey, Persia †¦ † Approximately at that time Kazakh, Yarkend khanates had been appeared in Central Asia. The Turkic Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, Kara-kalpaks were announced on the historic scene. When the last khan Taukekhan died, the power had deputed to the number of steppe khans and each of them was at the head of separate groups of Kazakhs and the territories Kazakh khanate existed up to 1716.At that time the process of disintegration and decay had began and the end of this process the state was being included in Russian empire. The ethnicon of â€Å"Kazakhâ⠂¬  given the name of state is Turkic word. It is generally agreed that it means â€Å"free man† Kazakhs were very hardworking nomads and farmers, have had the great fat herd, rich pastures, and fertile lands on sub mountain and vales of rivers. But telling about Kazakhs and the first Kazakh nation it is necessary to know that origin of that nation as its culture and statehood dated from centuries. Bibliography: http://www. toptravel. ru/bgkkfl2. htm http://kazakhstan. awd. z Turkic roots of Kazakh political culture and traditions Kazakhstan has a rich past. Its geographical and geopolitical position has played a vital role in promoting the country’s development. Located in the center of Eurasia, Kazakhstan has long found itself at the crossroads of the world’s most ancient civilizations and trade routes. It has been a land of social, economic and cultural exchange between East and West, North and South, and between the major players in Eurasia. At different st ages of its history, various states emerged and developed in the land which became today’s Kazakhstan. All contributed to Kazakh culture.In later centuries, the steppes were home to a powerful state formed by the Huns. Their empire greatly influenced the geopolitical map of that time. The Great Roman Empire in Europe eventually fell from the blows of the Attila the Hun’s daring warriors. Later, the Huns were replaced on the steppes by Turkic tribes. They founded several large states known as â€Å"kaganats† stretching from the Yellow Sea in the East to the Black Sea in the West. These states were distinguished by a culture progressive for that time. They were based not only on a nomadic economy but also on an oasis urban culture with rich trade and handicraft traditions.During this time, cities and caravanserais were founded in the oases of Central Asia, the territory of South Kazakhstan and Central Asia. They stood along the famous trade route known as the Grea t Silk Road which connecting Europe and China. Other trade routes were also important including the route along the Syr Dariya River to the Aral Sea and the South Urals as well the so called â€Å"Sable Road† from South Western regions of Siberia through Central Kazakhstan and the Altai region. It was through trade on the â€Å"Sable Road† that the Middle East and Europe were supplied with expensive furs.Major cities and trade centers founded on these routes included Otrar (Farab), Taraz, Kulan, Yassy (Turkestan), Sauran, and Balasagun. The Great Silk Road not only stimulated the development of trade, it also became a conduit for progressive scientific and cultural ideas. For example, the great philosopher Al-Farabi (870-950) was greatly influenced by the culture of the trade routes. Born in the Farab district, Al-Farabi was dubbed in the East â€Å"the Second Teacher† after Aristotle for his profound researches in philosophy, astronomy, musical theory and mathe matics.The outstanding scholar of Turkic philology Mahmud Kashgari lived here in the 11th century. He created the three-volume â€Å"Dictionary of Turkic Dialects† which summed up Turkic folklore and literature heritages. In the 11th Century, Yusup Balasaguni of the town of Balasagun, a famous poet and philosopher, wrote â€Å"Kutaglu Bilig† (â€Å"A Knowledge that Brings Happiness†) which is recognized as having played an important role in the development of modern social, political and ethical conceptions. The Sufi poet Hodja Ahmet Yassaui, who lived in the 12th century, wrote a collection of poetic thoughts â€Å"Divan-i-Khikmet† (â€Å"Book of Wisdom†).He is famous throughout the Muslim world. Part of the cultural legacy of that period is the elegant urban architecture. Examples such as the mausoleums of Arystan Baba, of the great Sufi Hodja Akhmet Yassaui in Turkestan and Aisha Bibi in Taraz are among the best preserved. Apart from this, the m ost ancient nomads of the region invented the â€Å"yurt†, a dome-shaped easily dismantled and portable house made from wood and felt, ideal for their nomadic life and beliefs. In 1221, Mongolian tribes of Genghis Khan conquered Central Asia and added their culture and values to the increasingly complex society of the region.By the second half of the 15th Century a process of consolidation had begun among the peoples of the Central Asian steppe. This process, derived from the various ethnic and cultural identities, was drawn together by a common world view and lifestyle. The first Kazakh khanates emerged at this time. By the first half of the 16th Century, the formation of a single Kazakh nation was completed. The word â€Å"Kazakh† in the old Turkic language meant â€Å"free† or â€Å"independent† which perfectly fit the character of the people who had been long yearning for their own independent state.In the 17th and 18th Centuries the nomadic Jungar tr ibes directed by the Chinese Bogdykhans started a large scale war against the Kazakh khanate. However, thanks to the courage of the â€Å"batyrs† (knights), the decisiveness of the Kazakh leader Ablai Khan, the diplomatic skills of the Kazakh ‘biys’ (sages) Tole Bi, Kazdausty Kazybek Bi, Aiteke Bi, and self sacrifice of the people, the Kazakhs escaped total capture and physical annihilation. The Kazakh khans were forced to seek the military protection of the Russian Empire, which eventually led to Kazakhstan’s loss of sovereignty in 1871. For a time, the fate of Kazakhstan was tied to theEuropean model of social development and the fate of the Russian State and its peoples. After the 1917 revolution Soviet power was established in Kazakhstan. Kazakhs suffered greatly under Soviet control. Due to the forced collectivization in the 1930s, hunger caused the death of 1. 5 million Kazakhs, which was more than 40 percent of the nation. Hundreds of thousands Kaza khs fled to China and elsewhere. The brightest and the best of the nation were repressed and often shot dead. The regime’s last gasp was the brutal repression of the Kazakh people on December 17, 1986 as they took to the streets seeking justice.Many consider this the beginning of the end for the once mighty Soviet Union. Kazakhstan proclaimed its independence on December 16, 1991, and Nursultan Nazarbayev was democratically elected the first President of the country. Bibliography: Kiessling, Kerstin Lindahl. â€Å"Conference on the Aral Sea: Women, Children, Health and Environment. † Ambio Vol. 27, No. 7 (November, 1998): 560-564. Weiner, Douglas. A Little Corner of Freedom: Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to Gorbachev. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002.Soviet transformation of Kazakh society and legacy in political culture and traditions Arguably the most drastic economic policy employed by Marxist-fashioned governments and the Soviet Union was that of agricultural and industrial collectivization. Forcing local Soviets to develop state-controlled farms and industrial construction projects, the Soviet collectivization programs generally had two overarching purposes: the ideological liberation of the Soviet orbit from class antagonisms and the concupiscent parasitism of â€Å"kulak† banditry, and the economic attainment of a fiscally self-sufficient Marxist society.Soviet republics endured two major phases of collectivization that yielded both beneficial and catastrophic effects. The Stalin government (1922-53) initiated collectivization projects as a means to cultivate â€Å"socialism in one country,† with an industrialized war machine and a well-fed population completely free of the capitalist approach. As the Comintern and NATO plunged into the Cold War, the Khrushchev government (1953-64) reimposed agricultural collectivization with the so-called â€Å"VirginLands Program† specifically with the inten t of freeing the USSR from humiliating dependency on Western capitalist food imports. Soviet collectivization made possible economic and industrial achievements that would otherwise have been impossible. However, the blatant accomplishments of collectivization came at a tremendous price, directly creating some of the most horrendous human and environmental catastrophes of the twentieth century.In both phases of Soviet collectivization, the people of Kazakhstan endured by far the worst of these disasters, suffering man-made famines and starvation, irreparable environmental desiccation, the eventual transformation of the entire Aral Sea to saline ruin, mass exodus and displacement, and astronomical casualty. Even worse, the second phase of collectivization (the Virgin Lands Campaign) only exacerbated the irrecoverable environmental tragedies of the first phase.These disasters are entirely derived from the legacy of collectivization. 1 Despite the Soviets' ideological insistence on the benefits of collectivization programs in Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people experienced far greater suffering and calamity than they profited, and are still struggling to recover from the ecological consequences even today. It must be acknowledged that the Soviet Union never intended to directly inflict any physical catastrophe on the Soviet republics or the Kazakh people.It must also be readily emphasized that the Soviet collectivization policy eventually contributed to undeniable industrial, political, cultural, and employment achievements, which transformed tribal Kazakhstan into a modern republic and an exporter of anything from steel, to cotton, to Snow Queen ® vodka. But the price that the Kazakh people were forced to pay was far too high. Both phases of collectivization have inflicted an indelible legacy of agricultural ruin, economic depression, physical ailment, and environmental catastrophe that far outweigh the benefits of the forced proletarian liberation brought by the So viet Union.Unfortunate for the Kazakhs, the tragic legacy of calamitous Soviet agro-economic policy did not fall with the Berlin Wall, and it may require centuries to recover Stalin's first phase of Soviet collectivization represents easily the worst physical and environmental nadir of Kazakh history. The collectivization initiative began almost immediately after the final incorporation of the Kazakh tribes and polities into the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) in 1936.The agricultural potential of the fertile and pristine Kazakh steppe was perceived as an invaluable source of tremendous collective output for the state. As in the other, recently â€Å"liberated† peoples newly incorporated into the USSR, those Kazakhs that were fully absorbed into Soviet society through forced collectivization would eventually enjoy significant benefits that would have otherwise been impossible for the semi-nomadic Kazakhs, such as theoretically near-universal literacy and employment, th e development of urbanized cities and transportation systems, health care, job security, and sustenance.Although the majority of these benefits owe themselves to Soviet policy rather than collectivization itself, these accomplishments must be weighed with the tragic consequences if we are to conclude that collectivization had an overall negative effect on Kazakh society.Bibliography: CNN. com. â€Å"Athrax ‘time bomb' ticking in Aral Sea, researchers say. † CNN. http://www. cnn. com/WORLD/asiapcf/9906/21/anthrax. island/ Conquest, Robert. The Harvest of Sorrow. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Krech, Shepard, John Robert McNeill, and Carolyn Merchant. Encyclopedia of World Environmental History: A-E. New York: Routeledge Press, 2004.

Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy Example

Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy Example Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy – Case Study Example Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy (LVMH) Case The key drivers of performance in luxury goods business include brand power and heritage. Furthermore, the intense competition generates remarkable strategies that sustain the business of luxury brands and encourage key players to participate in a more competitive manner. The success recipe in this industry looks like having the vital ability to hit the button and that is to target the segment for high net-worth individuals together with aggressive expansion to potential multiple regions by offering them diversified portfolio of luxury brands, which obviously are among of the excellent moves that LVMH performs. To nurture its leadership position, LVMH adheres to the value of excellence by employing talent, audacity and thoroughness as published in its annual report (Ramaswamy 6). In other words, it is not just only about providing competitive brands and successful retailing strategy, but employing the combined management of skills and resource s as the potential reasons why LVMH nurtures its leadership position. Creativity and innovation, and partnership and acquisition on the part of LVMH clearly resulted to employing more talented human resources, acquiring abundant resources and promoting successful quality distribution of actual product offerings, which lead further to the company’s competitive advantage in its industry. LVMH businesses include wines and spirits, fashion and leather goods, fragrances and cosmetics, watches and jewelry and selective retailing. The quality of this portfolio can be characterized under the level of successfully highlighting brand power and heritage, which is an action that also has become the potential source of synergy. LVMH is having an ambitious plan to double its sales and profits in the next five years. Concerning this, one important strategy is to first undergo a more thorough customer analysis that will lead to discovering potential market segments that remain unexplored a s of today. This will most probably lead to potential increase of LVMH’s market share in the long run.Work CitedRamaswamy, Kannan. â€Å"Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy: In Search of Synergies in the Global Luxury Industry.† Thunderbird: School of Global Management (2003): 1-15. Print.

Youth Culture in the 60s essays

Youth Culture in the 60's essays During the decade of the 1960s, the United States began to fully celebrate youth culture in a way that had only begun to brew in the 1950s. Youth culture began to rise and was thrust into mainstream America because what was occurring was a widespread rebellion against the mass society occurring in young, college students. It was a rebellion against the 1960s politics of the United States, the Vietnam War, and the culture of the older generation in general. However, this rebellion occurred exclusively among American youth that came from white, middle to upper class, and affluent families and were given the privilege of attending college. While the sense of alienation and estrangement was certainly present in the entire generation, rebellion was only able to occur among youth that were so spoiled with affluence that they had the ability to rebel without any inhibitions. The 1960s were a time of an approaching revolution for the United States, and it can be credited, in a large part to, American youth. The youth rebellion of the sixties was lead by college students that felt alienated, estranged, and distant from their parents, the American dream, and the older generation. These students rebelled against mainstream culture, largely opposed to the Vietnam War, and rallied for the Civil Rights Movement. The reasoning behind their rebellion came from a desire for a revolution. However, the significance of the sixties youth culture is not solely in the rebellion itself, but in the fact that it was exclusively college students whom were doing the rebelling. The students that were dissatisfied by the American dream in which their parents had in store for them were completely middle to upper class whites that came from affluent backgrounds. They were so spoiled by this privileged upbringing that they had no idea what it felt like to be oppressed, an d therefore were completely able to rebel and held no inhi...

Crafting the perfect elevator pitch

Crafting the perfect elevator pitch In our increasingly digital world, cold-calling has become something of a lost art. But newer isn’t always better. Warmilu founder and CEO Grace Hsia explains why entrepreneurs should embrace phone calls, and gives some tips for crafting a perfect pitch. [Source: Daily Fuel]

Integration of Giant Supply Chains in Public Sector Essay

Integration of Giant Supply Chains in Public Sector - Essay Example The critical processes differ from one another, but the processes involving supply chain management and supply chain management are critical to any organization. The coping period of the organization without critical processes is known as maximum tolerable outage and this makes the private sector organization fail in the absence of successful supply chain management. At this context, the public sector plays a role by minimizing the contexts that make a firm face maximum tolerable outage by integrating giant supply chains thus developing logistics concept in supply chains. To develop logistics concept and to have integration in its supply chains, public sector should develop significant reorganization that helps industry and thus economy to cope with the situation. In minimizing the maximum tolerance outage situations, the facilitation of public sector to private sector helps in making supply chain management successful and supply chain systems of various organizations successful when they are connected to integrated supply chain management of public sector. There are situations like denial of access for the private organizations in the absence of integration of giant supply chain management of public sector. ... There are situations like denial of access for the private organizations in the absence of integration of giant supply chain management of public sector. The situations may be regarding the locations, floor of a building, whole building, city block, and half a kilometer radius from the building, metropolitan area and beyond. The minimizing the loss of power supply is possible with the successful role of public sector in power supply and reasonable care taken by the organization in case of any failure of public sector power supply. For example, large investments like investing in nuclear power is not possible for an average private organization the role of public sector in power supply cannot be diluted and integration of such giant supply chains in public sector is compulsory for a successful private sector. In addition to the above aspects, the continuous power supply is an inevitable necessity for production. Next coming to transportation and storage, the big firms make use of tran sportation infrastructure of public sector and SMEs and smaller industries depend on public sector even for storage facilities. In the context of communications, the public sector is main supplier of bandwidth and spectrum to private telecom companies. As a result the integration between different supply chains of public sector will help private sector to thrive (Lan, Yi-chen Editor, page 321-323, 2005). Global Integrated Supply Chain Management The integrated supply chain management is a necessity for optimum performance of any industry or sector. The challenges faced by any industry or organization depend on the dynamics of the industry or organization and market. Procurement is the

The Thinker by Auguste Rodin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Thinker by Auguste Rodin - Essay Example One of them is Franois-Auguste-Ren Rodin, popularly known as Auguste Rodin. He was a French sculptor, an artist with a sharp eye. His arts echoed until these days. He fashioned his works meticulously and looked at the details. Thus he was honored as the leading sculptor of the late 19th and early 20th century. He combined and artistically manipulated his works with detailed textures and modeling associating the vast emotions of man. The following year he decided to delve into doing decorative stonework. And in 1862, her sister Marie died, which caused him great troubles and afflictions. He tried to enter the church but it was fate that brought him to met Rose Beuret in 1864 who became his life companion. Formally they were not joined by the matrimony of marriage until a few weeks before her death in February 1917; she was 53 years old then. The same year when he met Rose Beuret, he became an apprentice to the sculptor A.-E. Carrier-Belleuse. His first submission to the official Salon exhibition in 1864, The Man with the Broken Nose, was rejected. In 1871, he went with Carrier-Belleuse to work on decorations for public monuments in Brussels. Carrier-Belleuse was not satisfied with his work thus dismissing him. Soon, Rodin collaborated on the accomplishment of decorative bronzes, and Beuret joined him in Brussels. The rejection probably had made hi... Carrier-Belleuse was not satisfied with his work thus dismissing him. Soon, Rodin collaborated on the accomplishment of decorative bronzes, and Beuret joined him in Brussels. The rejection probably had made him to realize he needed to develop a style of his own. It was consummated after four years; he developed his own styles because he was urged to produce innovative and decorative works. In the midst of this innovation, He toured to five cities of Italy: Genoa, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Venice before returning to Brussels. Italy has been the cradle of Renaissance art. He saw the works of Michelangelo and Donatello, amazed with their works; he was inspired to create such fine works as Michelangelo and Donatello, bringing the emphasis on the muscle works and human emotions. He produced his first original work molded in bronze, The Vanquished, depicting painful expressions of a physically overpowered man seeking for rejuvenation. Scandals arose in his exhibition in Brussels and at the Paris Salon of The Age of Bronze in 1877. People did not believe that he made such realistic work and he was charged of casting it from a living person. His former master heard that he went back to Paris in 1879, Carrer-Belleuse asked him for designs. After much controversies and rejections, he was granted a payment and appointed to make a statue for the City Hall in Paris. He gained his reputation as a sculptor in 1880 with the success of his sculptures: The Age of Bronze and St. John the Baptist Preaching. The same year he modeled The Gates of Hell, the sculptured bronze door for the Muse des Arts Dcoratifs in Paris. The door incorporates scenes from The Inferno. It was made through the inspiration of Dante Alighieri's The

How the USA Patriot Act Effect Law Enforcement Research Paper

How the USA Patriot Act Effect Law Enforcement - Research Paper Example This illustrates that the USA Patriot Act is aimed at enforcing the law enforcement agencies by enabling them to be in a position to competently deal with terrorism attempts. However, enormous debate has revolved as pertains to whether the USA Patriot Act positively or negatively effects the law enforcement. It is with this regard that the thesis statement that this paper seeks to affirm is that the Patriot Act is designed to offer positive benefits to the goals of law enforcement and federal intelligence agencies that protect the American populations (Van Cleef 73). Topic sentence 1: Withstanding the presumed negatives that have come with intelligence investigation after the passing of the Patriot Act, surveillance strategies are actually necessary for securing the public welfare. The patriot Act is mainly aimed at protecting the nationals of the United States against terrorist attacks and surveillance form the enforcement agencies. Surveillance intelligence has widely been reviewed in the case of Mayfield following the terrorist Act and was typically depicted as Patriot Act on trial in the Nation Newspaper. This was a case that took shape in March 2004 where intelligence surveillance after conducting investigations, the FBI concluded that following the cross matching of partial finger prints in one of the bomb detonator bags, it matched that of Mayfield and he was arrested. His arrest was affirmed by in depth investigations that revealed that he was a Muslim convert and had been involved in a movement of Taliban’s that had wanted to go to Afghanistan to fight against the United States (Sarasohn 1). However, Mayfield being an attorney knew that the United States had no charges against him and being a citizen of the United States, challenged his arrest and conviction on the wake of the Patriot Act. This led to his release following additional surveillance that revealed that he was not the perpetrator behind the terrorism attack. This led Mayfield to chal lenge the protection assured by the Patriot Act since he affirmed that his protection, safety and privacy had been violated by the enforcement agencies during the investigations. The Mayfield trial is a clear indication of the effect the Patriot Act has on law enforcement especially with reference to intelligence investigations. Consequently, surveillance strategies depicted in the Patriot Act and Mayfield trial, affirm that the Patriot Act is indeed aimed at securing the public welfare. This therefore affirms the thesis statement that the Patriot Act is designed to offer positive benefits to the goals of law enforcement and federal intelligence agencies that protect the American populations (Sarasohn 1). Topic sentence 2: Patriot Act makes it possible for law officers to conduct search and seizure procedures without first notifying the individuals involved. Patriot Act of the United States gives law enforcement officers the mandate to seizure and act without warning in terrorist at tempts. This gives the law enforcement officers an upper hand in the investigations and especially in the financial sector which has become a major terrorist avenue. The Patriot Act has provisions that enable the treasury to secure its finances by implementing anti-money launder mechanisms. These are

Religious Life of Planet Earth Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religious Life of Planet Earth - Assignment Example Currently, planet earth has twenty two core religions. Religious belief is a solid belief in powers that rule human destiny or supernatural powers. The following criteria of what the population believed in regards to the purpose, nature, and cause of the universe according to their beliefs. Christianity, Islamic, and Hinduism are among the largest religions on earth. In Christianity, people believe that there is one God. He created the universe in seven days. They also believe that God created them to live in his vision of justice and love. The main objective in life of Christianity is to serve God and love others throughout their lives (Streng, 1985). In Islamic, influential religious rituals get represented as the pillars of faith. The five pillars of faith are daily ritual prayers, fasting during the Ramadan month, paying the alms tax, pilgrimage to Mecca and daily confession of faith. From the above criteria, different religions have different believes. For example from Christianity, people believe that there is only one God, who is the maker of the universe. This is a superb example of beliefs because it shows that people of that religion believe in one Almighty God. Another example of believe is that some people believe in superstition beliefs (Streng, 1985). Superstition is a belief in supernatural powers, which implies that God is a supernatural being. Faith is another excellent example of belief. Faith gets well illustrated in the five pillars of faith in Islamic religion. Most believers believe that faith without action is dead. 4. Religion gives mental peace – Religion consoles and encourages a person during a time of mental of crisis. Individuals get emotional support and mental peace from religion. Hence, it encourages them to face life without fear. Religions can be well discussed in terms of relationship and communication. Relationship is a fundamental concept in all religions.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Education - Essay Example As such, the shareholders within the university system can bolster the extent to which they can engage with prospective students by applying management concepts to the way in which a defined and effective strategy can be engaged. For instance, when a strategy is put together by a group of shareholders who are not in constant communication with one another and are aware of the ultimate goal that is to be effected, a type of non specific result that does not maximize potential is almost guaranteed. However, when shareholders are brought together and the goals are clearly defined and elaborated, a type of group collaboration between all of the elements seeking to increase student attraction within the university is greatly enhanced. For this reason, understanding management concepts and the means by which collective work can be accomplished under the guiding rubric of effective management can expressly enhance the rate and effectiveness of key business level decisions. How do you think planning in today’s organizations compares to planning 25 years ago? Do you think planning become s more important or less important in a world where everything is changing fast and crises are a regular part of organization life ? Why? With regards to 25 years ago, planning has become much more integrated into the business process. For instance, 25 years ago, the rate of change that a given organization or business might experience was somewhat limited. Due to this fact, the need to expert planning was necessarily reduced as a result of the relatively slower pace that external change was exhibited within the operational environment. With regards to the importance of planning now as compared to previously, it is the strong belief of this author that the need for planning has become even stronger in a world where sudden and unexpected change can rapidly redefine the operational environment. The main reason for this is due to the fact that only through planning can the firm or e ntity hope to gain a competitive advantage and seek to anticipate some of the changes that might be upcoming in the very near future. Though one might be tempted to believe that since change is so rapid and unexpected within the current model that planning is non necessitated, the fact of the matter is that the rapid level of change implores the entity or organization to take an even more aggressive approach to planning than an environment in which change occurs slowly and gradually. For this reason, integrating an appropriate level of planning at each and every level of an organization is a primary function that can help to determine whether or not the entity will be able to survive the changes that it must integrate with. Chapter 8: Analyze three decisions you made over the past six months. Which of these were programmed and which were nonprogrammer? Which model- the classical, administrative, or political- best describes the approach you took to make each decision? The three deci sions that have been chosen for analysis within the context of this particular question are as follows: locating and renting an apartment, deciding upon what course selection would maximize efficiency, and considering picking up a minor field of study while in university. As such, all of these decisions which will be analyzed represent non-programmed choices

MBA Admission essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MBA Admission essays - Essay Example Many students plagiarize and are caught. The truth is that in order to provide depth of research, a writer will need to combine primary and secondary sources. In the sciences, for example, raw data is important, but how that data has been interpreted by others, over the years, is also very significant. You need to cite that work and not merely present it as your own. It is important to use academic libraries, online databases such as ProQuest, and Google Books and Scholar, in order to find these sources and put them into action. Beware collecting or holding on to irrelevant information, which is sometimes a temptation. It is easy to get sidetracked and create a â€Å"bulge†Ã¢â‚¬â€a part or paragraph of the essay that has no real connection with the thesis. It is also easy to forget where your work starts and where someone else s begins. That is how a lot of plagiarism begins. You copy a lot of quotes into your paper hoping to use them and cite them properly, but over the week s you begin to forget what work is yours and what work is not. There are many examples of this happening to students (Richardson). An article by Sue McGowan and Margaret Lightbody provides a lot of useful information about plagiarism and its consequences. The authors of this paper are deeply concerned about it. They suggest that instead of threatening to punish students who plagiarize work, a more effective approach is to educate them about the affects and consequences of plagiarism. The authors describe an experiment to help educate accounting students. The study asked students a number of important questions relating to plagiarism. For example, when is it necessary to cite references. What does it mean to paraphrase? What are the potential punishments or disciplinary actions for performing an act of plagiarism? The authors concluded that providing students with an incentive to put references in their work is a good way to avoid acts of

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Education - Essay Example As such, the shareholders within the university system can bolster the extent to which they can engage with prospective students by applying management concepts to the way in which a defined and effective strategy can be engaged. For instance, when a strategy is put together by a group of shareholders who are not in constant communication with one another and are aware of the ultimate goal that is to be effected, a type of non specific result that does not maximize potential is almost guaranteed. However, when shareholders are brought together and the goals are clearly defined and elaborated, a type of group collaboration between all of the elements seeking to increase student attraction within the university is greatly enhanced. For this reason, understanding management concepts and the means by which collective work can be accomplished under the guiding rubric of effective management can expressly enhance the rate and effectiveness of key business level decisions. How do you think planning in today’s organizations compares to planning 25 years ago? Do you think planning become s more important or less important in a world where everything is changing fast and crises are a regular part of organization life ? Why? With regards to 25 years ago, planning has become much more integrated into the business process. For instance, 25 years ago, the rate of change that a given organization or business might experience was somewhat limited. Due to this fact, the need to expert planning was necessarily reduced as a result of the relatively slower pace that external change was exhibited within the operational environment. With regards to the importance of planning now as compared to previously, it is the strong belief of this author that the need for planning has become even stronger in a world where sudden and unexpected change can rapidly redefine the operational environment. The main reason for this is due to the fact that only through planning can the firm or e ntity hope to gain a competitive advantage and seek to anticipate some of the changes that might be upcoming in the very near future. Though one might be tempted to believe that since change is so rapid and unexpected within the current model that planning is non necessitated, the fact of the matter is that the rapid level of change implores the entity or organization to take an even more aggressive approach to planning than an environment in which change occurs slowly and gradually. For this reason, integrating an appropriate level of planning at each and every level of an organization is a primary function that can help to determine whether or not the entity will be able to survive the changes that it must integrate with. Chapter 8: Analyze three decisions you made over the past six months. Which of these were programmed and which were nonprogrammer? Which model- the classical, administrative, or political- best describes the approach you took to make each decision? The three deci sions that have been chosen for analysis within the context of this particular question are as follows: locating and renting an apartment, deciding upon what course selection would maximize efficiency, and considering picking up a minor field of study while in university. As such, all of these decisions which will be analyzed represent non-programmed choices

History Civil War Movie - Lincoln (2012) Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History Civil War - Lincoln (2012) - Movie Review Example The movie appreciates the most remarkable historical event in the American history. The movie displays the efforts put forward by Abraham Lincoln during his last years in power to pass the 13th Amendment in the U.S. Constitution with the help of the House of Representatives. In this sense, some social issues like the rights to vote by the African Americans and women and slavery are among the contributors to its amendment. In Lincoln (2012), a key issue revolves around social class and not race. Lincoln used the North Industrialists to fund most of his campaigns because it gave them the power to levy heavy taxes on people living in the South so that the companies in the North can grow. Through this, there seems to be a divide between the two regions. The North was keen about economic prowess, land ownership, free markets and owning the bank of the United States. Since the South did not have a good representation, it underwent oppression through taxes. Regarding interests, the North wa s a racist hub with slavery being dominant in the South. Through this Abraham Lincoln, while relating to the movie, the Unite States was able to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment in her constitution. In the amendment, the senate abolished the widespread slavery and involuntary servitude. The only exception in this amendment is when slavery is used as a corrective measure especially when punishing criminals. Though the movie carries a good message, its storyline has no concrete documentation. Critics term the Lincoln (2012) movie as a misleading historical movie. For instance, in this movie, Lincoln, who is the President of the United States orders two of his congressional representatives to use all means to pass the 13th amendment. The President in the movie uses this phrase to show authority: Critics in some way agree with the quote because historical documentation proves so. However, the tone in the command, the facial expression as well as the context in which it

The Economic Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Economic Crisis Essay Right now in America, we are in an economic crisis that is slowly tearing the seams that holds the countrys banking system together. This recession affects everyone from single families to giant corporations because of the nature of the crisis. It began slowly with it quickly picking up the pace, and now with all the new policies in effect the end is now in sight. It seems that everyone in America played their part in a tedious game that only took a matter of time to come crashing down around all of us. Because of the unstable economy, companies were forced to downsize their employee work force or close their doors. The loss of a job threatened many working class and middle class families with the threat of bankruptcy, because of the increasing accumulation of consumer debt. Jobs were hard to find; in addition, many people without a choice, were forced to sell their homes; many of them moved to states where the cost of living was lower. Most of them took low paying jobs to support their family. The unfortunate ones took from seven months to a year before they could find a decent job. Others who were fortunate could sit and wait or started their own business, and the rest either took out a home equity loan or refinance to lower their mortgage payment. In this paper I will discuss the causes of the economic crisis in depth, the key players in the implementing new policies to pull the United States from the recession, and the different policies that are now affecting not just the U.S. economy but the world economy as well. This crisis was years in the making, but because of the dot com assets many people were not noticing the downward spiral that had started before September 2001. Some of the key factors that caused the economic crisis are: a glut of savings from Asia, bad loans, boom and bust of the housing market, lack of capital reserves, and the reselling of bad loans. These factors not only affect the US, but have been felt by countries all over the world because of bad lending practices by financial institutions. As each factor is explained the new policies address each one of them in a different manner. As the US economy was booming in the late 1990s the countries in Asia decided to plow the US with a glut of their savings (Krugman, 2009). This helped to create the dot com bubble and keep the interest rates at low percentage. This encouraged high levels of consumer spending in US. It also encouraged a large current account deficit in the US. It also encouraged an asset bubble, because it was cheap to borrow and this encouraged unsustainable lending. After the events of September 11, 2001, Federal Reserve was able to use this money to keep interest rates below 5%. Prior to September 11, 2001 the dot com bubble burst then the events at the World Trade Center lead to the US heading to a recession. But, to keep the US out of a recession the Federal Reserve responded with by cutting interest rates to 1% this was the lowest level of interest rates for a long time (Samuelson, 2010). Low interest rates encouraged people to get loans from financial intuitions. Because people were more inclined to buy a house with their loans, this led to the boom and the bust of the housing market. As house prices began to rise, mortgage companies relaxed their lending criteria and tried to capitalize on the booming property market. Mortgage companies actively sold mortgages to people with bad credit, low incomes often first generation immigrants. This is called subprime mortgage. By definition subprime mortgage is giving loans to borrowers who typically are not qualified because of their higher risks: income level, work status, and credit history. This also puts the borrowers into a higher rate category than the prime rate (BAJAJ, 2008). Prior to 2006, the housing market seemed to be going up for long time. Noticing this trend, borrowers thought that everything was fine and refinancing will solve any future problems. In 2006-2007, the housing market moderately cooled down. Many unable to refinance because of higher interest rate of Adjustable Rate Mortgages (ARM), found themselves in a deep bind. Massive defaults and foreclosures soon followed. In March 2007, the U.S value subprime mortgage is about $1.3 trillion; $7.5 million of that is bad. The subprime mortgage is what eventually caused the housing market to crash. The crash of the housing market was due to borrowers unable to pay mortgages, millions of borrowers houses face repossession. Another problem includes many homeowners were not willing to sell at a lower market prices (BAJAJ, 2008). High-risk borrowers ability to obtained easy credit and speculation of the then rising housing market, fueled the housing boom. Financial institutions are mostly to blame for the housing market crash. Eager to grow their industry in the name of profits, they were willing to provide high-risk loan options and incentives. Another part of the cause of the housing crisis is consumerism. Elevated by yours truly, President George W. Bush who ask Americans to spend more to get out of economic slowdown. Another main cause of the economic crisis is lack of capital reserves. The banks thought that they could use credit creation to process loans to borrowers. Credit creation is when banks employ what is termed a fractional reserve policy, meaning they can literally take in $1 on deposit and lend out $10 (L Jacobo Rodriguez, 2003). Basically the bank creates money supposedly up to 10 times what they have on deposit and capital. In the boom years, banks pursued a reckless dash for growth. This meant lending a high % of deposits. Therefore, when they suffered bad losses, they had no reserves to call upon. This led to a dramatic drop in bank loans which had ripple effects throughout the economy. Its fraudulent because banks are lending out money held on deposit which is supposed to be on demand and are effectively making money on money they do not have, and have no right to use. Due to this fraudulent behavior most banks have failed because depositors suddenly show up to withdraw all their money which the bank does not have. The final thing that caused the economic crisis is reselling of bad loans. Mortgage companies and banks were left with a series of bad debts they had to write off. Most of the bad loans originated in the US subprime mortgage market. Then the US mortgage companies and banks thought it was a good idea to sell these bad loans to different banks around the world. However, these were bundled and repackaged into collaterized debt obligations. They were given triple a ratings and bought by banks around the world. Therefore, when mortgage defaults occurred in the US, the losses were felt by the whole global banking system because most banks had some exposure to these bad loans. During the aftermath of the economic crisis there were some key players and each had a role to get the economy back on track. The key players that affect the policies that are implemented after the economic crisis are the President, the Congress, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Chairman of the Federal Reserve. Each of these people or group will affect the policies and how they are enforced to the citizens. As the election day of 2008 was approaching the citizens made some changes that may be for the best or could hinder the overall effect of the plan to get out of this crisis. With the unemployment rate climbing higher, and as the election for some of the key players in Washington on the line, many voters were ready for a change. As voters cast their vote and the votes were counted the new President was announced. The 44th President of the United States was named Barack Obama, with his new position he put a lot of legislations into play within his first couple weeks of taking over the Oval Office. The president is responsible for the concern of such things as unemployment, high prices, taxes, business profits, and the general prosperity of the country. The president does not control the economy, but is expected to help it run smoothly. In regards to the economy the president only has the constitutional authority to select the individuals that will be making the policies that affect the economy directly, has the power to determine the new fiscal year budget and how the money is divided, and has the authority to enforce new laws that Congress has made in regards to the economy. The president also has the authority to make suggestion to the Congress in regards to any new bills or laws that he feel should be passed (Constitutional Powers, 2003). President Obamas central focus is on stimulating economic recovery and helping America emerge a stronger and more prosperous nation. The current economic crisis is the result of many years of irresponsibility, both in government and in the private sector. President Obamas role in repairing the economy is to enforce the new policies that have been made and to make sure that all parties involved are abiding by the new regulations. As the new President took office the Congress was gearing up to make some new policy changes. The Congress only has the responsibility to write new bills and laws that will affect how the economy is ran in the future. The Congress has the constitutional authority to change any legislation that will help put the economy back on track. Currently the economy is top priority for all Congress members and they are making sure all relevant legislation gets passed in a timely manner. Upon the election of President Obama his first act was to appoint a new Secretary of the Treasury. The new Secretary is Tim Geithner (Secretary, n.d.). He is responsible for promoting economic prosperity and ensuring the financial security of the United States. The Department is responsible for a wide range of activities such as advising the President on economic and financial issues, encouraging sustainable economic growth, and fostering improved governance in financial institutions (Roles of the Treasury, n.d.). The Secretary of the Treasury does not really have any constitutional authority as far as making new policies that will affect the economy. Mr. Geithner has the position to oversee the United States Treasury and the money that is allocated to bring the U.S. out of a recession. The current chairman of the Federal Reserve is Ben Bernanke, he is jointly responsible for the conducting the nations monetary policy by influencing money and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of full employment and stable prices (Chairman, n.d.). He also supervises and regulates banking institutions to ensure the safety and soundness of the nations banking and financial system and to protect the credit rights of consumers. Mr. Bernanke also maintains the stability of the financial system and containing systemic risk that may arise in financial markets, and providing certain financial services to the U.S. government, to the public, to financial institutions, and to foreign official institutions, including playing a major role in operating the nations payments systems (Responsibilities, n.d.). Mr. Bernanke has no constitutional authority, however his opinion on the economy and the value of the U.S. dollar or assets are valued greatly up on Capitol Hill (Hamilton, 2010). Immediately after the new administration took over the White House, there were several acts that were passed by the Congress, and signed by the new President. These legislations will help keep the economy on track and reverse the years of irresponsibility of the federal government and the banks (Economy, n.d.). These acts will also help average citizens keep their homes and their current jobs. Most of these acts will help create millions of jobs and help small business by giving them tax breaks. They will also monitor the Wall Street and banks to make sure they are being held accountable for their actions to the average citizen. As each of the key players had their own opinions about the different policies that make up the way they run the economy, they came together to form amendments to the monetary policy, fiscal policy, and laws governing businesses since the collapse of the economy. The only change that was made to the monetary policy is that they will reinvest principal payments from its securities holdings. The changes to the fiscal policy include tax cuts for some and freezing the pay of government employees. There were many laws that were put into effect to govern businesses and their hiring practices and other items as far as how they were ran. Each of the key actors are responsible for the enforcement of these acts or bills and monitoring of the other key people to make sure that no one taking advantage of the system and the new bills. Each of these acts, I feel are strong and will help to give the economy the boost that is required to help it get stable. I know that a lot of people feel that it is not helping, but I like to remind people it took us more than 10 years to get into the mess that we are in. No one can expect for the current situation to be gone in less than 2 years. I do however; believe that the federal government should not have bailed out the homeowners. These individuals knew that they could not afford the homes before they bought them, and after the economy got bad they expected someone to give them a handout. The only thing that I can see as a weakness for any of these policies is the enforcement of them. Each policy is unique, but each has to be enforced in a certain way. Although I am glad to see the economy doing a bounce back, I am more concerned that the citizens will not give our government enough time to make sure it is stable again. Everyone is so set in blaming the President for the economy, when the only people that really need to be blamed are we. In conclusion, I feel that each key player has their own set goals on where they would like to see the economy, but are willing to do whatever is necessary to stabilize the economy. I also think that each policy has been set up to help boost the economy back to its original place since if the U.S. economy is experiencing difficulties then the world economy will be faced with its own problems. References BAJAJ and LOUISE STORY, V. (2008, February 12). MORTGAGE CRISIS SPREADS BEYOND SUBPRIME LOANS. New York Times, the (NY) (Late Edition Final ed.), 1. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from News Bank on-line database (Access World News) Chairman. (n.d.). Board Members. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from The Federal Reserve website: http://www.federalreserve.gov/?aboutthefed/?bios/?board/?bernanke.htm Constitutional Powers of the President. (2003). Constitutional Powers of the President. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from CQ Encyclopedia of American Government database. Economy. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2012, from The White House website: http://www.whitehouse.gov/?issues/?economy Hamilton, J. (2010, January 1). Bernanke grades the Fed. Newstex Blogs (USA) n.pag. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from News Bank on-line database (Access World News) Krugman, P. (2009, March 3). Revenge of the Glut. Record-Journal (Meriden, CT) 18. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from News Bank on-line database (Access World News) OConnor, Karen and Larry J. Sabato. (Eds.) (2011). American government: Roots and reforms. New York: Pearson Longman. Responsibilities. (n.d.). The Structure of the Federal Reserve System. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from The Federal Reserve website: http://www.federalreserve.gov/?pubs/?frseries/?frseri.htm Rodriguez, L Jacobo. (2003). Banking stability and the Basel capital standards. Cato Journal, 23(1), 115-126. Retrieved March 18, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 410173241). Roles of the Treasury. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2012, from The U.S. Treasury website: http://www.treasury.gov/?about/?role-of-treasury/?Pages/?default.aspx Samuelson, Robert J. (2010, September). March 18, 2012, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 2142217461). Secretary. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2012, from The U.S. Treasury website: http://www.treasury.gov/?about/?Pages/?Secretary.aspx

Personal Narrative - Christmas Memory Essay -- essays research papers

Christmas Memories Approaching Grandma's, our family anticipates the grand holiday about to be rekindled once again. With our family and friends about to be reunited with each other, each family member is trying not to notice how long the last kilometer is taking. The trees along the road seem to crawl by slower as Dad pushes his foot harder. Inch by inch, Second by second, we approach the long awaited destination. Finally when we arrive at Grandma's house our long journey is over. We each take a huge breath as we step out onto the crispy snow that snaps beneath our boots. The air is fresh and creates a shiver down my spine. I make my way to the frost coated back door, illuminated by the green and red Christmas lights. As I open the door and step into a house full of cheek pinches and hugs, an array of Christmas odur engulfs me, and makes my mouth water. As I yell "HELLO" I hear voices laughing, talking, and asking who's at the door? In the next second "Millions" of relatives are giving me there greetings and gladly inviting us into the house. As my family and I are quickly made comfortable, I look around..... Plates full of Christmas pastries, Christmas decorations, and Christmas music lightly penetrates the air as the family socializes with each other. The constant murmer of the voices, serves as a background for the music. My cousins are running making their laps around the living room while playing t...

College Admissions Essay - A Willingness to Overcome Differences

College Admissions Essay - A Willingness to Overcome Differences I have a fledgling friendship with Amalia, a Spanish speaking woman. Amalia is not fluent with english, and my Spanish is wobbly and crude. So we get together whenever possible to practice each other's native tongue, half an hour of Spanish, half an hour of English. When we first started meeting, I saw a forbidding wall of words that I thought had to come down if a bond of friendship was to grow. The words that bring me such exhilaration and such rousing exchanges of ideas in English turned ornery and cantankerous in Spanish. Talking to Amalia, I was careful to bring up topics that I thought my Spanish could handle without too many searches through the dictionary Amalia and I kept between us like a life vest we had to share. Despite that, I often found myself staring at a wall of words, stranded in a maze, with the right words eluding me, defying me, mocking me from where they hid. The words turned me into a blushing, stammering nitwit. I used exaggerated hand gestures and facial expressions. I got gender and number wrong much of the time, unaccustomed as I was to having to think about that in English. I was embarrassed by my strong American accent and by the mistakes I made. When I tried to tell Amalia that I had eaten fried eggs that morning, she had to gently tell me that I was referring to male anatomy. I referred to elderly people in a degrading way. When I thought I was calling a male friend "embarrassed," I was saying that he was "pregnant". Such is the wily nature of words. Still, I decided to earn my livelihood with words because I'm enamored of them, in awe of them. I'm usually a humble person near the bottom of the food chain, but words wield... ...a and I even though objects, ideas, and feelings are expressed with different words in our respective tongues. I learned that words aren't just representational, though they are that too, but that they can also be catalysts. They can influence human interaction, even when the thing they represent is not clear or, more to the point, at precisely that time. With Amalia and I, the words impelled us toward each other. The bond grew out of a mutual determination to knock down the language barrier, not from its having been diminished. Our act of tackling words signaled to each of us that the other was a person who wished barriers between people to be gone, not reinforced. We grew close because of the language barrier, not in spite of it. The edifice of words was the bond. I'd mistaken its true form. It wasn't a wall; it was a bridge. And now we've met in the middle.

Ezhuthachan

Indian poet from around the 16th or 17th century, known as the father of the Malayalam language—which is the principal language of the Indian state of Kerala, spoken by 36 million people in the world. [1] In his era, Vattezhuttu, an old script originally used to write Tamil, was generally used in Kerala to write this language. However, he wrote his Malayalam poems in Arya-ezhuttu, a Grantha-based script originally used to write Sanskrit, so that he could accurately transliterate Sanskrit words into Malayalam. His works became unprecedentedly popular, which also popularized the writing system adopted by him, and that is the current Malayalam alphabet. He was born in Trikkantiyur ( , Tr? kka iyur), in the town of Tirur, in Kerala. At that time,it was a part of Vettattnad. [2] His personal name is Ramanujan. Thunchaththu is his â€Å"family name†, and Ezhuthachan (schoolmaster) is an honorific title or the last name indicating his caste. His name is transliterated in several different ways, including Thunchath Ezhuthachan, Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan, and Thunjath Ezhuthachan. Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan lived in the 16th century,[3][4] or the 16th century. [5] He was born at Trikkantiyur (Trkkantiyur) in the Tirur municipality, Malappuram, Kerala, India. His birthplace is now known as Thunjan Parambu. According to Arthur Coke Burnell, he was â€Å"a low-caste man who goes under the name Tunjatta E? uttacchan, a native of Trikka iyur in the present [1874] district of Malabar. He lived in the seventeenth century, but his real name is forgotten; Tunjatta being his ‘house’ or family-name, and E? uttacchan (=schoolmaster) indicating his caste†. 6] In 1865, Burnell actually saw the manuscript of the Bhagavata translated and adapted by Thunchaththu, allegedly copied by his sister, preserved at Puzhakkal in the Chittur taluk, and wrote in his book published in 1874: â€Å"The author’s stool, clogs, and staff are preserved in the same place; it thus looks as if Tunjatta E? uttacchan was a sannyasi of some order. †[7] Some sources[who ? ] state that he was born into a Chakkala Nair among Nairs) family, held low among Savarna hindu caste system of Kerala and among the Nair caste. Some apocryphal legends have that Ezhuthachan's father was a Namboodiri . That version is totally ahistoric. [8] A few sources claim that he was of the Ezhuthachan caste. A. C. Burnell, a noted indologist, had categorically stated that Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan belongs to Ezhuthachan Caste only. He had stated this when he edited an article written by another important scholar F. W. Ellis when he published that article in â€Å"Indian Antiquery † in 1878 after the death of linguist Ellis. In that path breaking article Ellis articulated the evolution of Malayalam (â€Å"Malayanma†) and other south indian languages. F. W. Ellis had stated: A Brahman without a father must be born of an unmarried female of that tribe, whose celibacy ought to have been inviolate: he is considered, therefore, illegitimate, and has scarcely an assignable place in society. Elutt' Achan, or the ‘Father of Letters', was a Brahman without a father, and on that account has no patronymic†¦. The Brahmans envied his genius and are said to have seduced him by the ar ts of sorcery into the habit of ebriety†¦.. he enriched the Malayalam with the translations, all of which, it is said, he composed under the immediate influence of intoxication†¦. To which A. C. Brunell added the footnote: â€Å"Eluttachchan [sic] lived in the 17th century; there is no reason for supposing that he was a Brahman father's illegitimate son; he was certainly an Eluttachchan (or schoolmaster) by caste† Great Malayalam poet and historian Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer concludes Ezhuthachan as either Chakkala Nair or Vattekattu Nair. Sri K. Balakrishna kurup in his famous book â€Å"Viswathinte Kanappurangal† published by Mathrubhumi ptg and publishing company Kozhikode had stated that Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan belongs to Ezhuthachan caste. Prof. T. B. Vijayakumar noted scholar, historian had written many articles in all prestigious journals, like Mathrubhumi Weekly, had also stated that Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan belongs to Ezhuthachan caste. In nut shell, Ezhuthachan was a Kaniyan by caste and had a title Ezhuthu Asan in relation with his teaching service in Ezhuthupalli. In the Pre and early British ruling era of Kerala, the Kaniyans (traditional astrologers) were the only class who had undertaken the role of teaching letters, grammar, sanskrit and literature to non Brahmin communities. So they were known Ezhuthu Asan (Ezhuthachan in the vernacular), but, later this professional name was adopted by the descendants of families of non Brahmin disciples of Thunchat Ezhutahchan ,as a special caste or class. Most of these people were from Chakkala Nair and Kadupattan castes. [edit]Father of Malayalam language According to Dr K N Ezhuthachan, noted scholar, writer, essayist, poet, only Ramayanam and Bharatham belong to him. Others, usually attributed to him, were not really his . See his two volume selected works of Dr K N Ezhuthachan, published by Kerala Sahithya Akademi Thrissur. According to Dr K N Ezhuthachan even † Uththara ramayanam† is not of his. Its compostion lacks Ezhuthachan's stamp and genius. There may have been many popular keerthanas, namam or japam by other poets, but it was veritably impossible to find a single house in Kerala without Ezhuthachan's â€Å"Adhyathmaramayanam† during those dark times of war, disease and famine. There is no doubt about his contribution to the literary level of the common man. Ezhuthachan taught the people to respect and worship the language and the alphabet, a level of culture which is difficult to find even in the modern era. He refined the Malayalam language style and wrote his works for ordinary people, incorporating whatever is good with a strong sense of righteousness and worship. His contribution to the Malayalam language through the Adhyatmaramayanam (a translation of the Ramayana and â€Å"Mahabharatham† (a translation of the Mahabharata) is unparalleled, and his contribution in the cultural level is immense. His chief original works are said to include the:[9]: Keralolpathi Hari Nama Keerthanam – The song of the Holy Name â€Å"Hari† Ganapatistavam Kilippatu Prasthanam Devi Mahatmayam Kerala Natakam Harihara Sudham Various census reports (Census reports of erstwhile Madras presidency- Census reports erstwhile princely states of Cochin and Travoncore were also included in that) from 1870 onwards- Ezhuthachan Caste was shown as low caste sudra caste. [10] â€Å"†¦ [T]he phrase ‘father of language’ is a symbolic reference. Language represents culture. So Ezhuthachan is in fact denoting culture. He shone as a brilliant star above our culture. He renovated the alphabets of heart. We see the light of conscience and moderation in Ezhuthachan. We call him ‘the father of Malayalam language’ because he led the language to a new dimension. † – Chattanath Achuthanunni Chair Thunjan Festival meeting (1998 ) Great poet Mahakavi Kodungallore Kunhikuttan Thampuran who was a titan among poets, who singlehandedly translated entire Mahabharatham into Malayalam vernacular within short span of time, stated in an article in a literaray journal, â€Å"Rasikaranjini† edited by himself, that Thunchath Ezhuthachan belonged to Ezhuthachan Caste only. [edit]

Permit and Opening Portion

For this activity, please construct a series of questions that you would ask In the opening portion of the following types of interviews: 1 . To obtain information from a county official about building permits for a report you have been assigned to deliver to senior management 2. To write a biography of a long-time employee for a special presentation at her retirement party 3.To counsel a subordinate about a problem he or she is having keeping his or her business expenses within budget deadlines Activity 1 . Construct a series of questions that you would ask in the opening portion of the following types of interviews: a. To obtain information from a county official about building permits for a report you have been assigned to deliver to senior management What will we need for the permission to begin our project In this area? How long does It take to get the permit after we submit everything?Do we have an allotted time to finish the project, or do we have indefinite time to complete t his? B. To write a biography of a long-time employee for a special presentation at her detriment party Brenda Mason, the dedication of a woman who has been working to supply for her children all these years, now gets the opportunity to celebrate her retirement and we are thankfully here to celebrate with her. She started working here 35 years ago, when her kids were Just 2 and 3, with the dream of becoming a decanter admit, and all the experience she ever had was witnessing.Her hard work got her into the entry level tech department with all the guys, and everyone treated her as she were a kindergarten, helped her with all the basics. She reemploy became the go-to to other people, and she was known for her charisma, and drive, we even tried to convince her to go to management, we wanted more people like her. She declined, and with that, still holding a positive attitude, she'd decline and said management was only â€Å"baby sitting adults†, she wanted to do a man's job, she st uck to her dream.With absolute certainty we all knew she was going to be someone, with her two kids, and her job, working an additional 20 hours a week when her daughters began school, she got ahead of the whole department, raced the est. sales people, and learned all the server administrative tasks she ever could. She was getting to her dream, she applied to server support, and kept narrowing down her dream, spiraled Into It, till 3 years later, faster than anyone, she got It. Unbounded to us, this whole time, working the additional 20 hours, and she was In school, after the 3rd year she'd graduated, and qualified for those positions she qualified for. From there to now, she has brought that girl feel every tech department needed, the nagging and the whining, that got us all off our seat to get to work. We absolutely love her, and wish her the best, and to give her time to use up all the paid time off she earned. Equines expenses within budget guidelines We've noticed a few draw ba cks in your business, is everything okay with you and your family? We need to make sure you succeed here for them, if there is anything you need to do we will list it, but we are going over the goals you have failed to med, and re-structure the plan. You will report to us, the customers need to be served the right portions, you are busy, you have clientele, but you are allowing your employees to run your business and they re handing things off to their friends and family.This is coming out of your family resources, they depend on you, and you need to make sure that everyone is accountable for their actions. Your employees must get their receipts reviewed every night, and if I were you, I'd be having their submitted orders reviewed before the client checks out for the moment in order to have them understand how important this is. If they aren't willing to comply, you have the right to fire them, you have to feed your family, they are not the right fit for the restaurant if that is th e way they are behaving while they are clocked in.